#4 Nouns

Noun

Definition

* It is a part of speech ( a word or a phrase )

*  Can re-occur with (in)definite articles and attributive adjectives.

* Sometimes, a noun can be something that we can touch ( lion, grass, cake )

* Sometimes, noun can be something for the things we can not touch ( bravery, joy )

* Also functions as a head for a noun phrase.

* Functions as : 

• ža subject,
• ždirect object,
• žan indirect object
• ža subject complement                                  
  
  
  
• žan object complement
• žan adjective
• žan adverb 

    Eg : He hits the girl - as a subject

NOTES 

1 : Noun can be occurred with determiners 'the'

Eg  : The girl, Those pencils

 2 : Occurred with subject determiners with possessive noun phrases

 Eg :  his son, the boy's friends

COUNTABLE NOUN

* Have singular & plural form for anything that you can count 

   E.g : a bag, two bags

* Count noun can takes a plural, 

* Can combine with numerals or quantifiers

   E.g : one, two, several, every, most

COUNTABLE NOUN and UNCOUNTABLE NOUN

* Some uncountable noun have a countable equivalent  which is a different word.

   Eg :   Job ( countable ) & work ( uncountable )

        :   Currency- dollar, pound, ringgit ( countable ) & money ( uncountable )

        :   We need more wood ( countable ) & Wood burns more easily than coal ( uncountable )

* * * * * 

SINGULAR NOUN

* Eg : Girl, book, pencil

PLURAL NOUN

* Regular - ends in s

   Eg : Girls, books, pencils

* Irregular - change in vowel

   Eg : Woman-Women , Man-Men

SAME SINGULAR NOUN AND PLURAL NOUN

* Eg : sheep ( one sheep, two sheep ) , fish ( a fish, many fish )

* * * * * 

ABSTRACT IDEAS

* Anything you can not perceive or pick out through your five senses - qualities, states or activities.

   Eg : Happiness, kindness , adulthood, liberty

        * * * * * 

* * * * * 

GENDER NOUNS

* žMASCULINE GENDER 

    - all words representing male      

    - boy,king

 * FEMININE GENDER

   - for all words representing female              

   - girl, queen

* NEUTER GENDER

   - inanimate objects

   - pen, book, chair

* COMMON GENDER

   - males of females

   - cousin, niece, nephew, child, friend, witch, wizards   

P/S : Let me give you a visual example so that you could understand more about these differences.

  

* * * * *

GENITIVES NOUNS

* Genitives nouns is also known as possessive nouns.

* It is a noun with an apostrophe's.

eg : 

i Cassey’s book  (possession for singular noun)

ii Soldiers’ guns  (possession for plural noun with ‘s’)

iii Men’s room  (possession for plural noun not with ‘s’)

iv My father and mother’s friend  (possess or represent by a number of words)

v Ali’s friend  (names of human being)

vi Dog’s tail  (names of animals)

* * * * *

PRONOUNS

* SUBJECT PRONOUNS

  - used before a verb 

  - I, You, He, She, They

* OBJECTIVE PRONOUNS

  -  used after a verb

  - me, you, him, her, it, us, them

 P/S : Since these both types of pronouns are related to each others, I would like to give you a couple of examples to help you to understand their usage.

1) She hits me with a broom

2) They burn his book

TYPES OF PRONOUNS

ž1.Personal Pronouns - me

ž2.Reflexive & emphasizing Pronouns - himself

ž3.Demonstrative Pronouns - this

ž4.Possessive Pronouns - mine

ž5.Interrogative Pronouns - whom were you dancing with?

ž6.Indefinite Pronouns - all        

ž7.Reciprocal Pronouns - each other

ž8. Relative Pronouns - The boy who find the coins will receive a pen

* * * * * 

PROPER NOUNS

* Also known as proper name

* Used to name a person, a thing, months, a place ( Harry Potter, Tulips,Malaysia, February )

* The first letter in the proper noun is capitalized ( Harry Potter, Malaysia, February )

COMMON NOUNS

* Used to refer a person, a place, a thing in general sense

* Only capitalized when you begin a sentence. 

* Girls, boys, laptops, flowers, trees